How to Cite a Comic in MLA

MLA citation of comic books and graphic novels relies on understanding how to format bibliographic citations based on the structure of the comic book, the authorship, and the publication format. This tutorial is a straightforward, step-by-step guide to citing comic books and graphic novels in different structures, such as single issues, collaborative works, and online. Examples are provided for each section as real citations to illustrate the format.

Citing a Single Issue of a Comic Book with One Creator

When citing a single comic book issue from a series that is written and drawn by the same individual, apply this general form:

Citation
Lemire, Jeff. Sweet Tooth. No. 1, DC Comics, 2009.
Structure
Author’s Surname, First Name. Title of Comic Issue. Issue no., Name of Publisher, Year Published.

If the comic book does not have a particular issue title, then simply restate the series title in italics.

Citing a Comic Book with Multiple Contributors (Writer, Artist, etc.)

If the comic book has various contributors and you would prefer to credit writer and illustrator equally, begin with the issue title and list the position of all primary contributors after the title.

Citation
Batman: The Court of Owls. Batman, by Scott Snyder, illustrated by Greg Capullo, vol. 3, DC Comics, 2012.
Structure
Title of Comic Issue. Title of Comic Series, by Author First Name Surname, illustrated by Artist First Name Surname, vol. Number, Publisher, Year Published.

This citation style gives equal weight to the writer and the artist, which in comics is very important since both textual and pictorial narratives are key.

Citing Graphic Novels (Author as Writer and Illustrator)

In the case of graphic novels written by one person alone, where the author both writes and illustrates the book, the format of citation remains the same as that of an ordinary book. The platform of publication “Print” is also appended at the end.

Citation
Bechdel, Alison. Are You My Mother? A Comic Drama. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2012. Print.
Structure
Author’s Surname, First Name. Title of Graphic Novel. Publisher, Year Published. Print.

This is applied in cases where the text and images are not distinct, such as in classic graphic narratives.

Citing a Comic Book Found on a Website

When a comic book is accessed online, MLA requires the website name (if different from the publisher) and the URL. The URL should not include “https://”.

Citation
Claremont, Chris. Days of Future Past. The Uncanny X-Men, vol. 1, no. 141, Marvel Comics, 1981, Marvel Unlimited, www.marvel.com/comics/issue/173/uny_x-men_1963_141.
Structure
Author’s Surname, First Name. Title of Comic Issue. Title of Comic Series, vol. number, issue no., Name of Publisher, Year Published, Website Name, URL.

Citing a Comic Book Published as an E-Book

For comic books published digitally, include “E-book ed.” in the citation to specify that it is an electronic edition.

Citation
Kirkman, Robert. Days Gone Bye. The Walking Dead, vol. 1, E-book ed., Image Comics, 2004.
Structure
Author’s Surname, First Name. Title of Comic Issue. Title of Comic Series, vol. number, E-book ed., Name of Publisher, Year Published.

Use Italic for the Titles of Comic Book Series and Graphic Novels: When referencing graphic novels or comic books in MLA format, remember to use italics when referring to the title of the comic book series or graphic novel. This applies to both the major series and independent graphic novels. Italicizing these titles makes them stand out from issue titles or smaller parts of the citation.

Use “no.” for Issue Numbers and “vol.” for Volume Numbers: The markers “no.” and “vol.” are employed in the citation of issue and volume numbers. “No.” is used for the number of a particular issue of a comic book, while “vol.” is used for the volume within a series or collected work. These are the MLA standard markers which help the reader easily identify the specific part of a work being mentioned.

List All Main Contributors with Their Jobs: Citations must also list all main contributors, where possible. This would be the writer, illustrator, letterer, colorist, and any other contributor who contributed significantly creatively. Each contributor’s job must be designated using MLA’s contributor labels. It is important to include all individuals involved in creating a comic or graphic novel, especially when the research involves both textual and visual aspects.

Use “Print” at the End of Printed Comic Citations: For printed books, the word “Print” should be included at the end of the citation. This describes the publishing platform and is a standard requirement for MLA citations of printed books and comics.

Begin with the Greatest Contributor of Collaborative Works: For collaborative works, the one most pertinent to the contribution in the research comes first. If what is under discussion is the story or dialogue, the writer may come first. If the analysis is on visual or artwork, the illustrator may be better suited as the initial one. MLA is accommodating based on the source used under focus.

Cite the Volume as Part of a Series When Appropriate: If it is a portion of a series that has several volumes, then both the number of the volume and the title of the series need to be mentioned at the end of the citation. This enables it to be easily recognizable as part of a series and provides the readers with an easy means of locating it within the greater collection.

Use Title Case for Titles, and Comply with MLA Capitalisation Rules: Finally, titles should be in MLA title case style. In other words, important words in titles should be capitalized, including nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. Articles, conjunctions, and prepositions should still be in lower case, unless the conjunction or preposition appears at the start of the title. This makes it uniform and conforms to MLA’s rules for formatting.

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Hannah Berry (Ph.D.)

Hannah Berry has lectured at several colleges and teaches at the WEA. Besides publishing extensively, she has taught citation skills and written multiple style guides.

Learn how to cite in MLA